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Objective To observe the usage of antiasthmatic drugs and seek problems of following the guidelines of asthma and COPD prevention & treatment in community hospitals.Methods The prescribed quantity in 2013 of antiasthmatic drugs was recorded for 5 community hospitals in a district of Shanghai.Basing on the defined daily dose (DDD),the dosing frequency of drugs (DDDs) and the percentages of each category of drugs were calculated.Then comparisons were made with the data of a grade Ⅱ hospital and a grade Ⅲ hospital in the same district.Results Among three level hospitals,no significant difference existed in the percentages of oral antiasthmatic drugs.But the major category of oral drugs at grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ hospitals was leukotriene receptor antagonist whereas only oral theophylline and oral β2-receptor agonists were available at community hospitals.Among inhaled drugs,inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dominated at grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ hospitals.But at community hospitals,inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) predominated.Among inhalants,dry powder inhaler (DPI) dominated at grades Ⅱ-Ⅲ hospitals and metered dose inhaler (MDI) at community hospitals.Conclusions The usage of antiasthmatics at community hospitals is not consistent with the guidelines.Optimizing drug purchasing at hospitals,strengthening continued medical education,modifying the medication concept of patients and boosting the production of domestic inhalants should be urgently undertaken.
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Objective To compale the physical and chemical parameters of three market available medi-an/long chain fat emulsions.Methods The quality properties were determined and compared according to the fat emulsion injection quality standards in the Chinese Pharmacopeia Convention,the United States Pharmacopeia Con-vention,and the National Standard.Results Products A:the pH value was between 8.2-8.3;the particles with a size larger than 1 μm were 1.23%-1.53% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean particle size was 0.246-0.256μm;the acid value was 0.2;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 0.9-1.4;the he-molysis phosphatide was 0.6-0.9 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were more than 97% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphorus was 0.46-0.49 g/L. Products B:the pH value was between 8.2;the partocles with a size larger than 1 μm were 0.81%-1.62% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean parti-cle size was 0.239-0.241 μm;the acid value was 0.4-0.5;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 0.8-1.4;the hemolysis phosphatide was 0.2-0.6 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were more than 94% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphorus was 0.42 g/L. Products C:the pH value was between 7.7-8.1;the particles with a size larger than 1 μm were 0.42%-0.86% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean particle size was 0.249-0.262 μm;the acid value was 0.3-0.4;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 1.8-2.9;the hemolysis phosphatide was 0.5-0.8 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were mole than 96% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphoms was 0.44-0.46 g/L. Conclusion All properties of the median/long chain fat emulsions produced by the three manufacturers met the National Standard.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antibiotic use in Shanghai Second and Third Class Hospitals. METHODS: The use of antibiotics in outpatients and inpatients in 10 third class hospitals and 13 second class hospitals were analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum, order of varieties. RESULTS: The proportion of antibiotic use in Shanghai second and third class hospitals showed a different degree of decrease. However, in terms of the number of prescriptions and consumption sum, the proportions of antibiotics used in outpatient department were significantly higher in second class hospitals than in third class hospitals. The proportion of antibiotic use in inpatients (both non-surgery and surgery ones) were still on the high side, most had a postoperative antibiotic using coure of 3 to 7 days. CONCLUSION: The proportion and duration of antibiotic use should be strictly under control to ensure safe, effective and economical use of antibiotics.
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Objective:To establish the determination of the contents of ferulic acid and paecniflorin in Huoxue Mixture Radix Salviae Miltiorrmizae, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra cortex Moutan, Radix Astragali and caulis Spatholobi simultaneously by HPLC.Methods:The determination was carried out with ZORBAX *ODS column. Chromatographic condition of ferulic acid: the mobile phase consisted of methanol 1%HAc (42∶58) and UV detection wavelength was at 313nm. Chromatographic condition of paecniflorin: the mobile phase consisted of methanol water (25∶75) and UV detection wavelength was 230nm.Results:There was a good linear relationship between the absorption peak area and the concentration in the rang of 0.125～1.0?g for ferulic acid and 0.25～2.0?g for paecniflorin, respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple, acurate, reproducible and can be applied for content determination of Huoxue Mixture.
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Objective:To establish the method of determination of the contents of Danshensu and Protocatechuic aldehyde in Huoxue Mixture simultaneously by RP HPLC.Methods:The determination was carried out with Inertsil ODS column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol 0.5% HAc (22∶78) and UV detection wavelength was 280nm. Results:The average recovery of standard addition were 96.7%, RSD =1.12% ( n =5) for Denshensu, and 97.0 %, RSD =1.53% ( n =5) for Protocatechuic aldehyde, There was a good linear relationship between the absorption area value and the concentration in the range of 1.25～10?g for Deshensu and 0.25?g～2.0?g for Protocatechuic aldehyde.Conclusion: The method is simple, acurate, reproducible and can be used for content determination of Huoxue Mixture.
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OBJECTIVE:To determinate the plasma concentration of ropivacaine in rabbits by HPLC,and study the secu?rity of ropivacaine in rabbits.METHODS:Nine rabbits were injected with ropivacaine drop by drop with a speed of1mg/(kg?min)until the rabbits died.RESULTS:The mean plasma concentration of ropivacaine in rabbits was224.54?107.45mg/L when the rabbits died.CONCLUSION:Ropivacaine has high security in rabbits.
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The effects of nitrendipine (Nit) and tetrandrine (Tet) on the contents of ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus and cortex were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results showed that short-term (1 week) and long-term (20 weeks) treatments with Nit and Tet produced a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in GABA contents in the hypothalamus but not in the cortex. These findings suggest that the action of Nil and Tet on GABA contents in the hypothalamus may be partially contributed to their antihypertensive effects.
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The effects of long-term treatments with 7 antihypertensive agents on the functions of endothelium-dependent relaxation were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It was found that captopril, atenolol and dihydrochlorothiazide (DHT) could prevent the endothelium in SHR from impairing, but tetrandrine, nitrendipine, prazosin and dihydralazine could not. The improvement of the function of endothelium-dependent relaxation was not related to the blood pressure lowing.